Graphene Based Membranes for High Salinity, Produced Water Treatment by Pervaporation Separation
dc.contributor.author | Almarzooqi, Khalfan | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-03-13T12:37:15Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-03-13T04:50:06Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-03-13 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2023-01-17 | |
dc.description.abstract | Petroleum industries generate huge volumes of wastewater that is associated with oil and gas during extraction, known as produced water. It accounts for 98% of the amount extracted, and comprises diverse pollutants of salts, suspended solids, dissolved organic solutes, and dispersed oils; that require to be safely treated before being disposed to the environment, or reused for various beneficial applications. Nowadays, graphene-based membranes have shown potential as a membrane material due to their high performance and stability features. This research demonstrated the use of graphene oxide membranes supported on polyethersulfone films (GO/PES) for high salinity water, simulated produced water model (PWM), and PWM with simulated foulants treatment via the pervaporation separation technology. The membranes showed the highest water flux of 47.8 L m-2 h-1 for NaCl solutions in pervaporation testing operated at 60 oC, and salt and organic rejections of 99.9% and 56%, respectively. In addition, the membranes were tested for long-term pervaporation for 72 hours and showed a decline of 50–60% from the initial flux in the worst-case-scenario. Moreover, in-depth investigation of the Zn2+ crosslinker showed a hydrolysis reaction to Zn(OH)2, with the progress of the long-term pervaporation, in which much of it is being leached out. Consequently, since GO membranes are not stable in water, it remains challenging to be utilized in the industry. A more stable GO membrane in aqueous phase was proposed. The membrane’s stability was enhanced by divalent and trivalent metal cations of Zn2+ and Fe3+ crosslinkers, respectively, and partial reduction under vacuum. Two orders of fabrications were investigated of either crosslinking rGO (method I) or reducing M+–rGO (method II). The prepared membranes were examined for their characterization and performance. Fe3+–rGO prepared by method II showed the best organic solute rejection of 69%. Moreover, long-term pervaporation experiment was performed for 12 hours for Zn2+–rGO membranes, and revealed a drop in flux of 6% only, while Zn2+–GO membrane had a drop in flux of 24%. Additionally, the stability of the membranes was tested via an abrasion method using a rotary wheel abrader. The conducted experiments revealed that Fe3+–rGO membranes had the maximum mechanical integrity with an abrasion resistance of 95% compared to the initial control (non-reduced and non-crosslinked) GO/PES membrane. | en |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10012/19197 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en |
dc.pending | false | |
dc.publisher | University of Waterloo | en |
dc.subject | 2D materials | en |
dc.subject | membranes | en |
dc.subject | produced water | en |
dc.subject | oil/water separation | en |
dc.subject | pervaporation | en |
dc.subject | graphene oxide | en |
dc.subject | reduced graphene oxide | en |
dc.subject | desalination | en |
dc.subject | divalent and trivalent metal cation crosslinking | en |
dc.title | Graphene Based Membranes for High Salinity, Produced Water Treatment by Pervaporation Separation | en |
dc.type | Doctoral Thesis | en |
uws-etd.degree | Doctor of Philosophy | en |
uws-etd.degree.department | Chemical Engineering | en |
uws-etd.degree.discipline | Chemical Engineering | en |
uws-etd.degree.grantor | University of Waterloo | en |
uws-etd.embargo.terms | 1 year | en |
uws.contributor.advisor | Pope, Michael A. | |
uws.contributor.advisor | Elkamel, Ali | |
uws.contributor.affiliation1 | Faculty of Engineering | en |
uws.peerReviewStatus | Unreviewed | en |
uws.published.city | Waterloo | en |
uws.published.country | Canada | en |
uws.published.province | Ontario | en |
uws.scholarLevel | Graduate | en |
uws.typeOfResource | Text | en |
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