Effect of Paint Baking on the Fusion Boundary Softening and Fracture Behavior of Q&P 980 Steel Resistance Spot Welds

dc.contributor.authorRamachandran, Dileep Chandran
dc.contributor.authorBetiku, Olakunle Timothy
dc.contributor.authorShojaee, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorSalandari-Rabori, Adib
dc.contributor.authorMidawi, Abdelbaset R.H.
dc.contributor.authorKim, Ji-Ung
dc.contributor.authorBakhtiari, Reza
dc.contributor.authorMacwan, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorBiro, Elliot
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-07T19:00:59Z
dc.date.available2025-01-07T19:00:59Z
dc.date.issued2023-10-14
dc.descriptionThe final publication is available at Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113383. © 2023. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.description.abstractDuring automotive assembly, vehicles undergo low-temperature heat treatment (paint baking) to harden the paint. Although paint baking occurs at a relatively low temperature, it can remarkably affect the weld's mechanical and fracture behavior. This work studies how paint baking improving the strength and fracture behavior of Q&P 980 spot welds exhibiting a halo ring; a low carbon enriched zone in the weld nugget. The mechanical behavior of the paint-baked welds reveals an increase in cross-tensile strength and absorbed energy when baked at 180 °C for 27 min. Microstructural observation showed that the martensite present in the as-welded conditions started to decompose into tempered martensite with ε-carbide in the martensitic matrix. Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulations of the upper-critical heat-affected zone (UCHAZ) were produced to understand the mechanical and fracture micro-and macro-mechanisms, before and after the paint baking process, by widening the regions of UCHAZ. The transmission electron microscopic analysis of the Gleeble simulated sample reveals the segregation of C, Mn, Al, and Cr along the prior austenitic grain boundary which will change the nature of bonding at these boundaries. Nevertheless, paint baking treatment helps to redistribute the segregated elements from the grain boundary to the grain interior and to eliminate the solidified liquation formed at the grain boundaries during welding. The transformation of martensite to decomposed martensite, elimination of solidified liquation due to the enhanced atomic mobility and growth of surrounding grains, and the redistribution of C, Mn, Al, and Cr from the grain boundary to interior regions of grains, are the main reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the spot welds.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113383
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10012/21316
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMaterials Characterization; 206; 113383
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject3G-AHSS
dc.subjectresistance spot welding
dc.subjectpaint baking
dc.subjectmicrostructure
dc.subjectmechanical properties
dc.titleEffect of Paint Baking on the Fusion Boundary Softening and Fracture Behavior of Q&P 980 Steel Resistance Spot Welds
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.bibliographicCitationRamachandran, D. C., Betiku, O. T., Shojaee, M., Salandari-Rabori, A., Midawi, A. R. H., Kim, J.-U., Bakhtiari, R., Macwan, A., & Biro, E. (2023). Effect of paint baking on the fusion boundary softening and fracture behavior of Q&P 980 steel resistance spot Welds. Materials Characterization, 206, 113383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.113383
uws.contributor.affiliation1Faculty of Engineering
uws.contributor.affiliation2Centre for Advanced Material Joining (CAMJ)
uws.peerReviewStatusReviewed
uws.scholarLevelGraduate
uws.scholarLevelFaculty
uws.typeOfResourceTexten

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